TE01 Enabler 1

European cross-border scheduling with international train path planning [TRL6/7]

TE02 Enabler 2

Improved capacity allocation using rolling planning and TTR [TRL6/7]

TE03 Enabler 3

Decision support for short term planning [TRL5/6]

TE04 Enabler 4

Train path and schedule optimisation methods and strategies for capacity efficiency, punctuality and energy saving for different parts of the network and different traffic situations (level of punctuality). [TRL5/6]

TE05 Enabler 5

Improved rail traffic simulation models for selected Use Cases to forecast punctuality in the network (e.g., simulating proportion primary and secondary delays, simulations drivers vs. ATO over ETCS). [TRL6/7]

TE06 Enabler 6

Integration of planning systems and TMS with a) yard capacity planning and b) station capacity planning [TRL5/6]

TE07 Enabler 7

New planning and operational processes using feedback loops from ERTMS ATO and C-DAS [TRL5/6]

TE08 Enabler 8

Real-time connection of rail networks as managed by TMSs and involved actors [TRL6/7]

TE09 Enabler 9

Modelling and decision support for cross-border traffic management [TRL5/6]

TE10 Enabler 10

Integration of TMS with a) yard management system and processes; b) station management system and processes; c) energy management (Electric Traction System); d) real-time crew / rolling stock dispatching [TRL6/7]

TE11 Enabler 11

HMI for TMS based on User Experience (UX) Design and user input [TRL8];

TE12 Enabler 12

Real-time convergence between planning & feedback loop from operations [TRL4/5] and Technical Enabler 15; TMS speed regulation of trains, precise routes and target times for ATO and dynamic timetables [TRL4/5].

TE13 Enabler 13

Cooperative planning multi-actors within rail [TRL4/5]; and

TE14 Enabler 14

Integration of incident management and customer information, with IM and RU interaction and Decision Support for Disruption management [TRL4/5]. Feedback-loop with traffic simulation (Technical Enabler 12) verifying the algorithms of Technical

TE15 Enabler 15

TMS speed regulation of trains, precise routes and target times for ATO and dynamic timetables

TE16 Enabler 16

Automation of very short-term train control decisions [TRL5]

TE17 Enabler 17

Real-time conflict detection & resolution for main line and optimisation [TRL4/5] All of the developments regarding both technical enablers have a TRL 4.

TE18 Enabler 18

Improved rail integration using B2B intermodal services. This covers aspects of cross-operator information, sharing on e.g. sales and distribution, traffic information, end-user experience.

TE19 Enabler 19

Harmonised interfaces between rail operators and other transport modes, leveraging existing European standards when applicable to enhance collaboration between mobility providers and support B2B integration including the objective to deliver an enhanced end-user experience. The TRL 5 developments within this WP will be based on the specifications and analysis done in WP19. Within this WP TRL5 will be reached in order to be used for the demonstrators.

TE20 Enabler 20

Focused on services and solutions that improves the quality of the travel and it is focused on the support to PRM and passengers with special needs

TE21 Enabler 21

Dedicated to the development of delivering hands free experience for travellers using rail services and transferring between rail operators, other mobility modes and developing a Wi-Fi Roaming setup, which will allow travellers using different rail operators to seamlessly stay online

TE22 Enabler 22

Focused on the development of smart solutions for better passenger flow and guidance that is based on real-time provided in different channels adapted to the different user’s capabilities in order to allow the data Exchange between smart phones and infrastructure that would improve guidance. The developments within this WP are based on the specifications and analysis done in WP19. This WP will reach TRL4 for Enabler 20 and 22 and TRL 5 for Enabler 21, results will be used for the demonstration in WP23.

TE23 Enabler 23

Short term demand forecast calculation using run time data (e.g. ticketing data, short term weather forecast, passenger density, ….)

TE24 Enabler 24

Long term demand forecast with focus on data analytics based on a variety of sources (e.g., public events, holiday calendar) and operators’ data (e.g., fare, passenger density data) and historical information for predictive models related to passenger clustering

TE25 Enabler 25

Integrated traffic simulation and demand forecast in a Digital Twin to optimise offer, passenger occupancy, connection time and other service-related elements

TE26 Enabler 26

Optimised rail capacity to better match the demand; Synergy between short term and long-term forecast (e.g. weather forecast for an airport line) combined with Digital Twins in order to provide optimisation guidance

TE27 Enabler 27

Disruption management across different mobility modes enabling operators to collaboratively solve the disruption and properly inform passengers The developments within this WP are based on the specifications and analysis done in WP19 and will reach TRL 4-5. All results developed are used for the demonstrations in WP25. The demonstrations take place in a set of hubs or labs (depending on the task or sub-task details) where the adequate equipment and infrastructure is made available.

TE01 Enabler 1

Automatic function (TRL5/6) – Functional prototypes for automating functions as incident handling, vehicle self-healing and self-managing, cooperative awareness will be developed, tested, and validated against the defined system architecture specification.

TE02 Enabler 2

Absolute safe train positioning (TRL5/6) – Absolute Safe Train Positioning solutions with more accurate position and speed, which will provide possibilities of optimising headway as well as energy train control assistance (ATO), allowing energy saving and densification of trains (+30%) with less trackside equipment. It focuses on the development of modular and scalable absolute safe train positioning system with incorporating new sensors.

TE03 Enabler 3

Train integrity (TRL5/6) – The expected goal of this work is the consolidation of requirements for the Train Integrity and Train Length Determination solutions and their insertion into the on-board architecture with a further consolidation of the specifications, the performance of a safety analysis and the realisation of demonstrators.

TE04 Enabler 4

ATO technology (TRL5/6) – New ATO technology solutions for the automated driving and decision making, interoperable, and for all application and segments, including freight specific issues for commercial run. It includes the already available integration of C-DAS and will include appropriate interfaces with TMS for energy network management

TE05 Enabler 5

Connectivity (TRL6) – This enabler shows how multiple radio bearers can be used concurrently to serve the needs of both the Gigabit train and future rail operations, and how the FRMCS architecture and specifications can potentially be expanded in this direction, with including FRMCS, V2X, 5G technologies.

TE05.1 Enabler 5.1

FRMCS – Critical communication (TRL7) – Connectivity between train and trackside is obviously key for automated rail operations. Many European railways have already launched the preparation of the 5G-based Future Railway Mobile Communications System (FRMCS) successor of the GSM-R/GPRS installation used today in rail operations, since the future operational connectivity requirements are exceeding by far the capabilities of the current GSM-R/GPRS.

TE06 Enabler 6

Perception (TRL5/6) – Detailed design, development, and validation of the Perception system defined in the Perception Architecture and System Specification, including signal reading and obstacle detection, supporting cooperative awareness, supported by virtual certification.

TE06.1 Enabler 6.1

Data factory – The framework for a collaborative solution in the rail sector, the “Data Factory”, to jointly collect, store and annotate sensor data and build up all required infrastructure for processing the data as a prototype.

TE07 Enabler 7

Remote driving (TRL6) – Remote driving and command functional prototypes for remote control will be developed, tested for depots, for lines with low traffic, and for fall-back operations as well as for shunting.

TE08 Enabler 8

Autonomous route setting (TRL5) – Autonomous route setting, on low traffic/regional networks, in terminals, in depots and in urban environment.

TE09 Enabler 9

Digital register (TRL6) – The Digital Register shall provide reliable, interoperable and accessible infrastructure information as critical enabler for safety-related and non-safety-related functions as a central data source for, e.g., safe train positioning, ATP, TMS and DATO

TE10 Enabler 10

HL3, L3 moving blocks (TRL6) – The Hybrid ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 (HL3) approach connects to the future Functional Railway System Architecture and to apply the defined principles to different kinds of railways (e.g., high density lines have different needs in comparison to regional low traffic lines). HL3 is perceived as a faster and simpler way to increase capacity at a lower cost, maintaining a highly reliable signalling system, without the complexity of a Full Moving Block architecture.

TE11 Enabler 11

Virtually Coupled Train Sets (VCTS) (TRL4/5 – SRC/RL) – Virtual coupling including self-driving freight wagons, supporting cooperative awareness, analysing operational concept and estimation of necessary investments, together with Enabler 12.

TE12 Enabler 12

Self-Driving Freight Wagons (SDFW) (TRL4/5 – SRC/RL) – Virtual coupling including self-driving freight wagons, supporting cooperative awareness, analysing operational concept and estimation of necessary investments, together with Enabler 11.

TE13 Enabler 13

NG Brake (TRL5/6/7 depending on topic) – Next generation of braking subsystems, to safely detect and manage low adhesion and reducing braking distances. As an expansion, the possibilities of future dynamic braking curve adaptation (effect, benefits, technical implication) will be examined.

TE14 Enabler 14

Testing, validation and certification (TRL5/6) – Testing, validation and (virtual) certification platforms and facilities focusing on continuous improvement of the testing process strongly influenced by specific deployments and tailoring of the safety procedures defined within the CENELEC environment. In addition, the migration towards a single European railway architecture defined for the CCS+ opens the opportunity to also streamline approval processes.

TE15 Enabler 15

DevOps and Architecture Design4Evolution – For the long timescale it is proposed to explore ways to improve the evolvability of modular platform based next-generation ATC architectures, for agreed on-board and trackside modular architecture, while for the quick realisation it is proposed to focus on development ideas from the railway-industrial DevOps approach.

TE16 Enabler 16

Modular platform (TRL5/6) – Architecture and specifications for the development, testing, and certification of modular and safe computing platforms for onboard and trackside systems which host safety-related and non-safety related functions, including standardized approaches for monitoring, diagnostics, and configuration management.

TE17 Enabler 17

Onboard COM networks (TRL6) – In the first phase of EU-RAIL, the enabler focusses on foundations for the onboard communication network on the one hand and focusses on the network management functionality and the CCS/TCMS interoperability on the other hand.

TE18 Enabler 18

Functional Open Coupling (TRL4/5) – Functional Open Coupling covering all required subsystems in an operational environment

TE19 Enabler 19

Modelling techniques – Modelling techniques to support the development, engineering and planning, verification and validation solutions, while incorporating formal methods to address the basic needs of rail stakeholders.

TE20 Enabler 20

Deployment and migration – Deployment and migration strategic plans, including training and human factors to illustrate the potential to deploy DATO technology in European networks, both from a technical and a people-oriented perspective.

TE01 Enabler 1

Scalable information platform to integrate and exchange information across the IAMS (Integrated Asset Management System) and TMS

TE02 Enabler 2

Asset diagnostic and inspection systems, including AI solutions and ML algorithms to analyse and combine information provided by different inspection systems

TE03 Enabler 3

Development of CBM methodologies and algorithms for freight applications

TE04 Enabler 4

New methodologies and technologies to leverage advanced and holistic asset decisions

TE05 Enabler 5

Digital Twins integrated with BIM to improve reliability, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of asset management

TE06 Enabler 6

Advanced and holistic design and certification of assets

TE07 Enabler 7

Remotely controlled, unmanned and metadata-assisted interventions in construction, maintenance, and renewal operations, based on non-invasive or collaborative unmanned robotic actuators and wearables, or additive manufacturing techniques and validation standards for manufacturing and repairing assets

TE01 Enabler 1

Trains with on-board Energy Storage Systems. High performance and high-efficient Batteries Electric Multi-Unit (BEMU) trains with long autonomy (80km baseline and over 200km targeted) and suburban catenary trains with high level of braking energy recovery and energy autonomy (TRL 6/7 to be achieved in 2026).

TE02 Enabler 2

Hydrogen hybrid trains – infrastructure inspection/maintenance heavy duty vehicle and loco for freight-passengers at TRL 5/6 (powered with gas H2 or liquid H2).

TE03 Enabler 3

The application of solutions for the production, storage and refuelling of hydrogen for railway vehicles on the example of a prototype refuelling station. Development of a standard refuelling interface using algorithms to ensure optimum time and safety of the process as well as provide scalability and future growth of the refuelling station depending on the demand for hydrogen with TRL6 targeted in 2025.

TE04 Enabler 4

Integration of various sources in different systems (e.g. 25kV AC, 1,5/3kV DC), of renewable energy, energy harvesting technologies, superconducting, breaking energy recovery, etc, as well as the integration of energy storage with TRL6 targeted in 2025.

TE05 Enabler 5

Solutions for the optimal energy management in the whole power system, covering traction and non-traction demand including stations as energy hubs and integrated in a smart grid under the market rules and targeting at TRL5 in 2025.

TE06 Enabler 6

Adaptation to climate change with the development of a tool on European climate variables usable for railway assets, considering risk assessment reports and the benchmark of existing solutions to accelerate the lowering of environmental footprint targeting TRL5 in 2025 to implement adaptation strategies.

TE07 Enabler 7

Development of noise indicators, simulation tools and development of optimised components and optimised maintenance regimes for noise and vibrations, aiming at TRL6 in 2025, taking also into account different climate conditions in the EU.

TE08 Enabler 8

Methodologies and guidelines for the optimal design/rehabilitation of station layout including modularity oriented towards carbon footprint reduction to be validated at TRL5/6 in 2025.

TE09 Enabler 9

Development of tools and indicators to promote eco-design, assess environmental performance improvements and ensure standardised reporting of the environmental impacts of the rail sector at TRL5 in 2025.

TE10 Enabler 10

Developing and introduce to the market electro-mechanical braking system, pantograph and suspensions while targeting energy savings on the involved subsystems and reduce associated maintenance costs by reaching TRL6 for 2025 and prepare for later evolutions.

TE11 Enabler 11

Introducing optimised motors and gearboxes, high performance bogies, suspensions and new materials following circular economy principles and reaching TRL6 in 2025

TE12 Enabler 12

Delivering alternative technologies to replace hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants by HVAC system using green refrigerants or new cooling technologies with reduced energy consumption and targeting TRL6 in 2025.

TE13 Enabler 13

Introducing enhanced experimental and numerical methods at TRL6 on aerodynamic certifications by 2025.

TE14 Enabler 14

Demonstration of a healthier environment in the rail vehicle targeting TRL7 in 2025

TE15 Enabler 15

Reinforce attractiveness via on-demand comfort for users such as access, lighting, thermal and acoustic conditions as well as with new architectures to increase passenger capacity, target TRL5-6 in 2025. Enabler 15 deals with light interiors that could lead on increasing the capacity in addition the new modular interior will balance passenger-oriented customization with current standards to increase on-demand passenger comfort

TE16 Enabler 16

Reinforce the facility to adapt rolling stock interiors to support the increase of capacity of the rolling stock targeting TRL5-6 in 2025.

TE01 Enabler 1

Development of an EU-harmonized DAC, plus the necessary freight consist of backbone system including a solution for both the energy supply as well as data/communication (setting the right conditions towards modular – standard interfaces-expected to be scalable, of plug & play integration, etc. solution). As needed by the demonstrator the enabler must be able to drive complete train sets and the DAC shall be upgradable to Type 5. There is also the need to develop a coupler solution for locomotives and a type 5 coupler.

TE02 Enabler 2

Developing a train composition detection/management system, automated/automatic brake test system, on asset side DAC wagon retrofitting solutions.

TE03 Enabler 3

Automated parking brake system, digital wagon inspection, DAC based telematics applications, distributed power system, electropneumatic brake and cover important preparatory works incl. train dynamics with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE04 Enabler 4

Development of systems and solutions for basic autonomous shunting operations. Development of solutions for yard automation including digitalization that enable automated train composition and dispatching (Automated Shunting Operations), including necessary wagon identity system for automated shunting and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE05 Enabler 5

Integrative deployment of video gates, wayside check points, visual recognition methodologies and AI-Tools for yard automation

TE06 Enabler 6

Achieving expected consolidation of the expected new freight capabilities, providing requirements and giving feedback to Destination 2 for new automation technology solutions for the automated driving and decision-making as well as automating functions, such as train preparation and basic automatic yard shunting.

TE07 Enabler 7

Developing DAC based wagon concepts incl. multi-modal transport applications (retrofitting needs for combined traffic T3000 kind of wagons) and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE08 Enabler 8

Specify and deliver freight specific requirements for integrated cross-border timetable planning, management and path ordering systems (including requirements for covering also the last mile) suitable for development in destination 1

TE09 Enabler 9

Setting up the respective models and systems to test and demonstrate the destination 1 developments for integrated timetable planning on selected part of a European corridor and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE10 Enabler 10

Develop dynamic yard/terminal management systems and test their integration with dynamic TMS based on agreed interfaces– that will be specified among destination 1 and the TMS development will come from destination 1 and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE11 Enabler 11

Specify and develop intermodal monitoring and prediction systems, which shall work in combination with dynamic TMS and other resource management systems using AI based models, accuracy and computational learning functions and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi– annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE12 Enabler 12

Specify and develop Railway Checkpoints that will automate Freight Train Transfer Inspections at borders or other operational stop points, digitalising and automating processes through innovative sensors, specialised adapted video gates and handheld devices, in combination with harmonized procedures and regulation across European rail network and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE13 Enabler 13

Finalise R&I development of certified secured translation tools100 to enable in combination with multi-country driver licensing and appropriate rostering concepts a harmonised cross-country operation and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE14 Enabler 14

Specifications for the development of integrated multimodal transport planning, management and operational systems enabling easy access to rail-base (intermodal) services and dynamic demand responsive service offering, network planning and capacity management based on agreed interfaces with TMS – _with Destination 1 – and the specific freight development to support this functionality. And cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE15 Enabler 15

Analysis and coordination of requirements for seamless data exchange / data availability for the various Destination 5 developments and planned demonstrations, considering existing/proposed data standards (if applicable) and regulations e.g., TAF TSI. Specification and development of required processes/tools (e.g., interfaces/ converters.) and cover important preparatory works with higher TRL for the future set of demonstration foreseen in the Multi- annual Work programme in view of the evolutions of the solutions

TE16 Enabler 16

Analysis and coordination of required technology upgrades of legacy/national systems to be able to provide/consume/process harmonised data from/for international (European) applications/innovations. Development of an implementation plan.

TE01 Enabler 1

Interlocking / RBC for regional lines

TE02 Enabler 2

Cost-effective communications

TE04 Enabler 4

ATO over ETCS adapted to regional operationsHybrid L3, moving block Traffic Management Systems and C-ITS for regional lines Cost-effective fail-safe highly accurate train positioning Cost-effective fail safe on Board Train integrity Cost-effective fail safe Train Length Detection Wayside elements for regional railways which are energy self-sufficient and/or wireless enabled Smart Wayside Object Controller (SWOC) New propulsion train refuelling /recharging station Virtualisation in Rolling Stock design

TE05 Enabler 5

Cost-efficient Rolling Stock system design

TE06 Enabler 6

Passenger Information System

TE07 Enabler 7

Congestion Rate Monitoring and flow optimisation