The European Commission published on 10 July several legislative proposals for the renewal of existing JTIs (such as Clean Sky) and the creation of a new one (on bio-based industries). In the official Communication accompanying these legislative proposals, the Commission set out how it intends to strengthen industrial engagement in Horizon 2020 through further public-private partnerships. The Commission then confirmed that: “the scale of research and innovation effort and the policy need to complete the Single European Railway Area and build EU leadership in rail technologies presents a good case for a potential Joint Undertaking in the railway sector and [the Commission] will work with the industry to develop a proposal.”